I. Introduction to CCTV and Security Surveillance
- Understanding Security Systems:
- What is a security system?
- Types of security systems (CCTV, Access Control, Intrusion Alarm, Fire Alarm).
- Role of CCTV in modern security.
- History and Evolution of CCTV:
- From analog to digital and IP-based systems.
- Current trends and future technologies (e.g., AI integration, cloud-based surveillance).
- Basic Concepts of Video Surveillance:
- Purpose and benefits of CCTV.
- Legal and ethical considerations (privacy, data protection).
- Job Role of a CCTV Installation Technician:
- Responsibilities and duties.
- Career opportunities in the security industry.
II. Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics for CCTV
- Basic Electrical Concepts:
- Voltage, current, resistance, power (Ohm's Law).
- AC and DC power.
- Series and parallel circuits.
- Power Supply for CCTV Systems:
- Types of power supplies (AC adapters, DC power supplies, PoE - Power over Ethernet).
- Calculating power requirements for cameras and other devices.
- UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) and DCPS (DC Power Supply) for backup.
- Introduction to Basic Electronics:
- Understanding common electronic components (resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors).
- Basic troubleshooting with a multimeter (voltage, continuity, resistance checks).
III. CCTV System Components and Types
- CCTV Cameras:
- Types of Cameras:
- Analog cameras (CVBS).
- HD-CVI, HD-TVI, AHD cameras (HD analog).
- IP cameras (network cameras).
- Dome cameras, Bullet cameras, PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) cameras.
- Hidden/Covert cameras.
- Thermal cameras.
- Camera Specifications:
- Resolution (TVL, Megapixels).
- Lens types (fixed, vari-focal, motorized zoom, auto-iris).
- Field of View (FOV) and Angle of View (AOV) calculation.
- Sensitivity (Lux rating).
- IR (Infrared) illumination and night vision.
- WDR (Wide Dynamic Range), DNR (Digital Noise Reduction).
- Ingress Protection (IP) ratings for outdoor use.
- Advanced Camera Features:
- Face detection, motion detection, line crossing, object tracking.
- Audio input/output.
- Recording Devices:
- DVR (Digital Video Recorder):
- Functionality and features for analog/HD analog cameras.
- Hard disk drive (HDD) types and storage calculation.
- Playback, backup, and event recording.
- NVR (Network Video Recorder):
- Functionality and features for IP cameras.
- PoE NVRs.
- Advanced recording options.
- Hybrid DVR/HVR (Hybrid Video Recorder):
- Supporting both analog and IP cameras.
- VMS (Video Management Software):
- Centralized management for large-scale IP surveillance.
- Monitors and Displays:
- Types of monitors (LCD, LED).
- Resolution compatibility.
- Cables and Connectors:
- Coaxial Cables (RG59, RG6): For analog/HD analog systems.
- BNC connectors (crimping, compression).
- UTP/STP Cables (Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a): For IP systems.
- RJ45 connectors (crimping, T568A/B standards).
- Power Cables:
- Fiber Optic Cables: For long-distance transmission (basic understanding).
- Network Devices (for IP CCTV):
- Switches (managed/unmanaged, PoE switches).
- Routers.
- Modems.
- Wireless access points.
- Other Accessories:
- Baluns (video baluns for UTP).
- Connectors, junction boxes, conduits.
- Mounting brackets, poles, enclosures.
- Microphones, speakers.
IV. CCTV Installation Procedures
- Site Survey and Planning:
- Assessing customer requirements.
- Identifying optimal camera locations (coverage, lighting, vandal resistance).
- Cable routing planning (indoor/outdoor, underground).
- Power source identification.
- Considering environmental factors (weather, dust, temperature).
- Drawing system layouts and schematics.
- Camera Installation:
- Mounting techniques (wall, ceiling, pole).
- Adjusting camera angle and focus (back focus for vari-focal lenses).
- Ensuring proper field of view.
- Cabling and Wiring:
- Proper cable termination (BNC, RJ45 crimping).
- Cable management (conduits, cable trays, wire ties).
- Testing cable continuity and signal integrity.
- DVR/NVR Installation and Configuration:
- Physical installation of the recorder.
- Hard drive installation and formatting.
- Initial setup of the recorder (date, time, network settings).
- Camera registration and channel configuration.
- Recording schedule setup (continuous, motion, alarm).
- User management and permissions.
- Understanding and setting up various recording modes and compression (H.264, H.265).
- Network Configuration for IP CCTV:
- IP addressing (static, DHCP).
- Subnetting basics.
- Gateway and DNS settings.
- Port forwarding for remote access.
- DDNS (Dynamic DNS) setup.
- P2P (Peer-to-Peer) connectivity for easy remote viewing.
- Remote Viewing Setup:
- Configuring mobile apps for remote access.
- Setting up client software on computers.
- Testing and Commissioning:
- Verifying camera functionality and video quality.
- Checking recording and playback.
- Testing remote access.
- Troubleshooting during commissioning.
- Handover to the client and basic user training.
V. Maintenance and Troubleshooting
- Routine Maintenance:
- Cleaning cameras and lenses.
- Checking cable connections.
- Verifying recording and storage.
- Updating firmware.
- Checking power supply stability.
- Common CCTV Problems and Troubleshooting:
- No video signal/intermittent video.
- Poor image quality (blurry, grainy, color issues).
- Network connectivity issues.
- Hard disk failures/recording issues.
- Remote access problems.
- Camera power issues.
- Identifying and replacing faulty components.
- Advanced Troubleshooting Techniques:
- Using specialized test equipment (CCTV testers, network testers).
- Analyzing logs and error messages.
VI. Professional Practices and Industry Standards
- Safety Standards:
- Electrical safety, working at heights.
- Proper use of tools.
- Customer Service and Communication:
- Understanding client needs.
- Providing clear explanations and solutions.
- Professional demeanor.
- Indian and International Standards for CCTV Installation:
- Relevant regulations and best practices.
- Documentation:
- Maintaining records of installations, configurations, and maintenance.
Practical Sessions:
A significant portion of the course will be dedicated to hands-on training, including:
- Assembling and disassembling various types of cameras and recorders.
- Crimping BNC and RJ45 connectors.
- Installing and configuring analog, HD analog, and IP cameras.
- Setting up DVRs and NVRs.
- Configuring network settings for IP surveillance.
- Practicing remote viewing setup on mobile phones and computers.
- Troubleshooting simulated and real-world CCTV system faults.
- Conducting site surveys and planning mock installations.
